Zantedeschia aethiopica

Image: Paul Hoekman

Description

"Zantedeschia aethiopica grows from 0.6-1 m but may get taller in the shade. It has lush-looking dark green leaves with an arrow head shape. The size varies according to the amount of shade. The flowers appear in a main flush from August to January, although there may be the odd flower at other times of the year also. The white arum forms large colonies in marshy areas ranging from the coast to an altitude of 2 250 m. Thus one will find them contending with humid, salt laden air at the coast and freezing, misty mountain grasslands at high altitudes. They are very versatile in the garden as a result."

Flowers are pollinated by bees and insects and attract frogs, and spiders as well. Fruit is eaten by birds.

The plants can expel excess water allowing them to survive wet conditions. Grow in partial or deep shade with plenty of water, compost and mulch. It is evergreen or deciduous depending on the habitat and rainfall regime. In the Western Cape it is dormant in summer, and in the summer rainfall areas it is dormant in winter. It will remain evergreen in both areas if growing in marshy conditions which remain wet all year round.

The white arum may be used as a marginal plant along streams, or on the edge of a pond. Plant in partial shade if there is no permanent water. It can be planted as a foliage plant in deep shade under trees but will not flower well in this position. It is fast growing and likes very rich, well-drained conditions.

This is a larval host plant to Macroglossum stellatarum (Hummingbird Hawk-moth) caterpillar, attracts bees and other pollinating insects and a white crab spider of the family Thomisidae often visits the flower to capture insects (http://www.plantbook.co.za/zantedeschia-aethiopica/).

Traditionally used for headache treatment.

Propagation instructions - cuttings

It may also be propagated by division where the plant is not dormant. Use a sharp spade to cut out a section for replanting.

Propagation instructions - seeds

Grow by seed, first soaking over night in warm water (4-12 week germination period), or divide rootstock and plant 5 cm deep. The white arum is very easily cultivated by seed or division. Seed should be sown in spring. The fruit is ripe when it has turned yellowish and is soft. The pulp should be removed and the seed dried off. The grey seeds can be sown in clean seedling mix and covered lightly. Take care not to sow them too thickly as they will need space to form the fleshy roots. The fleshy rootstock can be divided when the plant is dormant, it should be re-planted about 5 cm deep.

Sources and references

Scientific name

Zantedeschia aethiopica

Common name(s)

White arum lily

Features

Vegetation types

Genus

Zantedeschia